ACNE PRONE SKIN

What causes acne-prone skin?

Acne prone skin can develop when pores become clogged with a combination of sebum (oil), old skin cells, and bacteria. Common contributing factors include:

1. Excess sebum production 
   Hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty, can increase oil production, making the skin appear oilier and more prone to blemishes. 
2. Clogged pores 
   When old skin cells are not effectively removed, they can mix with sebum and block pores, contributing to the formation of blackheads and breakouts. 
3. Bacteria 
   Certain bacteria, such as Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), can thrive in clogged pores and may contribute to visible redness and swelling. 
4. Hormonal changes 
   In addition to puberty, hormonal shifts related to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or hormonal contraceptives may influence the appearance of blemishes. 
5. Lifestyle factors 
   Stress, an unbalanced diet, and unsuitable skincare may contribute to worsening the appearance of acne-prone skin. 

What is the difference between blemishes, pimples, and blackheads?

• Blemishes (papules)
  Often appear as small, red bumps beneath the skin. They typically do not have a visible center and may feel tender.
• Pimples (pustules)
  Characterized by a visible white or yellowish center, often containing sebum and impurities. They may appear occasionally and are not always recurring.
• Blackheads (comedones)
  Form when pores become clogged with sebum and old skin cells. There are two main types:
  – Open comedones (blackheads)
  Appear as small dark dots on the skin. The dark color is not caused by dirt, but by oxidation when the contents are exposed to air.
  – Closed comedones (whiteheads)
  Appear white or skin-colored. The pore opening is covered by a thin layer of skin, preventing oxidation and keeping them lighter in appearance.